Mazita echiJuda: runyorwa rwemazita anozivikanwa uye akanaka

MaJuda ndiyo nyika dzekare ine mazita asina kujairika, anonzwika uye ane melodic. Ava vanhu vasinganzwisisike muzvinhu zvese, vakasiyana kwazvo nemaSlav. Hakuna kunze uye nemazita echiJuda. Ipapo ivo vakasarudzika sekuumbwa kwavo - iwo maratidziro pazasi.

Kuongorora kwakatangira uye kukosha kwemazita echiJuda

Munguva dzekare, pakazvarwa vanhu vechiJuda tateguru wavo aive Jakove (uyo akazove Israeri), hapana aishandisa zita. Ivo vaisavapo. Zita remunhu wacho raigara richishandiswa kuzivikanwa kwemunhu, kana zvichidikanwa paive nekujekeswa: iyo patronymic yakawedzerwa kuzita. Asi nekufamba kwenguva huwandu hwevanhu hwakakura, uye nekufamba kwenguva maJuda vakasangana nematambudziko ekuzivikanwa samamwe marudzi.

MaJuda havana kupatsanura vanhu nezita rekupedzisira, asi vaikwanisa kuzivana nemadzinza avo.

Kune madzinza gumi nemaviri muIsrael, zvichienderana nenhamba yevanakomana vaJakobho (Israeri), vakatumidzwa zita rekupedzisira.

• Judhasi;
• Simioni;
• Revhi;
• Rubheni;
• Than;
• Benjamin;
• Nafutari;
• Asheri;
• Gadhi;
• Isahar;
• Zebhuroni;
• Simiyoni.

Izvo ndezve rimwe bvi uye hunhu hwakajairwa hwakatemwa. Nhasi, zvakaoma kwazvo kutsvaga dzinza remumiriri wenyika yeIsrael kuti uwane dzinza ripi. Asi nhasi uno maJuda ese vane mazita avo. Nekuda kwenzira yeupenyu hwekutama-famba uye kugara kwenguva refu pasi pejoko remamwe marudzi, maJuda akakwereta tsika zhinji kubva kune goyim (mahedheni).

Nekuda kwekudzungaira kwenguva refu, maJuda akakwereta tsika yekuwana zita remhuri. Vakatanga kuvapa mukomana wese kana murume uye iye akapa mukadzi wake nevana kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa.

Mazita echiJuda akakurumbira akaumbwa pasi pesimba rezvinhu zvinotevera:

• mazita evabereki;
• basa;
• pekugara
• werumwe rudzi;
• ekunze mabasa.

Yambiro! Nyika yeIsrael haina kudzorerwa kusvika 1948 uye zvisati zvaitika maJuda ese akapararira pasi rese. Izvi zvakakonzerawo kuumbwa kwemazita uye avo peculiarities, tichifunga nzvimbo yekugara yemhuri yega yega uye mhuri.

Akanaka mazita echiJuda evasikana

Mazita echiJuda haana kungofarirwa muIsrael. Nekuda kwekuti vanhu vakapararira pasi rese, unogona kusangana nevamiriri vayo kwese kwese. Semutemo, ruzha uye madudziro anogona kuona kuti zita iri ndere mavambo echiJuda.

Mazita akanaka echiJuda ane tsananguro pfupi yezvinoreva zvakakodzerwa nevasikana nevakadzi zvinotsanangurwa pazasi.

1. Eisenberg - zita rakaumbwa muzana ramakore gumi nemasere nemasere. Mukushandurwa chaiko - Iron Mountain.
2. Altzitzer - zvinoreva kazhinji muenzi, kazhinji kazhinji.
3. Bil, Bilman, Bilberg ndiwo mazita ekupedzisira anobva pazita rechikadzi Bail (Beila muchiYiddish chinyorwa).
4. Blank - ndeyechiGerman mavambo. Chaizvoizvo zvinoreva kristaro yakajeka, chando chena.
5. Weigelman izita rekupedzisira rakatanga kuoneka kune mutengesi wechigadzirwa chebheka, sekureva kweshanduro chaiyo.
6. Weizmann mutengesi wegorosi kana zviyo. Surname inozivikanwa kwazvo muEastern Europe, inowanzo kuwanikwa muRussia.
7. Vainbaum - waini muti. Vatakuri vekutanga maJuda anobva kuGerman.
8. Hassenbaum - mumugwagwa muti kana wekunze chirimwa. Mavambo - Austrian.
9. Dahinger - saka akatanga kudaidza maJuda vakazvarwa uye vachigara muguta reGerman reDahingen.
10. Diament yedhaimani - yakachena dhayamondi. Huwandu hukuru hwevatakuri vechiJuda vanogara muUnited States of America.
11. Evruhiem - inoshandurwa kubva kuChihebheru, zvinoreva nyasha kana nyasha.
12. Kershtein - cherry kernel (bone).
13. Korenfeld - rakashandurwa semunda wakafukidzwa negorosi.
14. Lamberg - alpine makwai kana makomo makwai. Munguva dzekare zita rakadai raiwanzopihwa vafudzi.
15. Mandelshtan - yakanakisa hunde yemuarumondi.
16. Neumann murume mutsva, mutsva kana chizvarwa chevechidiki.
17. Ofman - mutengesi wehuku, mubiki wehuku.
18. Oytenberg igomo dzvuku-reropa.
19. Pappenheim izita renzvimbo yakatangira. Kwenguva yekutanga vakatanga kudaidza maJuda vaigara mudunhu reGerman vane zita rimwe chete.
20. Rosenstein - pink gomo kana ibwe. Kwenguva yekutanga, zita remhuri raigona kunge rakapihwa muvaki kana mutengesi ane ruzivo.
21. Simelson - mwanakomana wemurume ainzi Shemu, kana musikana anonzi Sikh.
22. Tevelson mwanakomana waDavid. Tora Tevel tsime rezita rokutanga.
23. Schwartzman - murume mutema. Maererano neruzivo rwezvakaitika kare, chikamu chevanhu vechiJuda chinozivikanwa neganda rakawandisa.

Yambiro! Vashoma vanhu vanoziva zvakanakira zita revaJudha. Kunyangwe kana mutumwa wake asisiri muchizvarwa chekutanga achigara mudunhu reimwe nyika, anoramba aine kodzero yekuwana ugari hwemo.

Chinyorwa chemazita echirume muRussia chimiro

Vanosvika mamirioni maJuda vanogara muRussia nhasi. Munyika dzakavakidzana dzinotaura chiRussia, katatu zvakapetwa. Vanhu ava havana kuoneka pano nezuro, asi vakararama kwemazana emakore, vakatendeka pane zvavanotenda netsika dzavo. Haasi munhu wese akakwanisa kusanganazve muIsraeri yakadzorerwa. Ndokusaka mazita ari munzira dzeRussia akawanda kupfuura chero mamwe. Basa rakakosha mukushandurwa kwakaitika munguva yecommunism uye nenguva dzechipiri Hondo Yenyika, apo maJuda vakatambudzwa munzira dzese uye nekutyora kodzero dzavo. Munguva yezana ramakumi maviri, mazhinji emazita aripo akave neshanduko.

Rondedzero yemazita echiJuda nenzira dzeRussia - pazasi maererano nearufabheti.

1. Aaronov, Ashmanov, Aliyev, Akivovich, Alzutsky, Akentsov.
2. Baazov, Berkovich, Brainin, Bilyarchik, Budashev.
3. Vorotsevitsky, Vitkunsky, Vaynarsky, Vortmanov.
4. Gilkin, Golansky, Goldbaev, Gershenov, Gersonov.
5. Dainov, Dushinsky, Dynkin, Domeratsky, Dubanov.
6. Yerzakov, Yevseyev, Yeremeyev, Yegudin.
7. Zhagorsky, Zhinderov, Zhutinsky, Zhidkov, Zhingerov.
8. Zaytsman, Zvansky, Zelensky, Zubarevsky, Zonenov.
9. Ivkin, Ivleev, Ishanin, Iosifov, Iokhimovich, Istshakov.
10. Katsmazovsky, Karamaev, Kats, Kupetman, Krushevsky, Krasnovich.
11. Libin, Lipsky, Lastovitsky, Lakhmanov, Ladovich, Labensky, Ladorzhev.
12. Malik, Manasievich, Manakhimov, Molbertov, Mendelevich, Musnitsky, Mushinsky.
13. Nitishinsky, Nakhutin, Noah, Neumanov, Nikitinsky, Nussinov.
14. Obrov, Orenji, Oblegorsky, Ostrogorsky, Ovcharov.
15. Paleev, Pantyukhovsky, Pevzner, Pashkovetsky, Pushik, Pultorak.
16. Rabayev, Rakuzin, Rabinovich, Rachkovsky, Rosalinsky.
17. Saevich, Saulov, Sobolevsky, Spitkovsky, Sovinkov, Skaraev, Sukhmanov.
18. Tabansky, Talsky, Tumalinsky, Traimanov, Talachinsky.
19. Ugrinovsky, Udmanov, Usvyatsky, Urbov, Usanov.
20. Fabianov, Faybyshev, Fateev, Fleischer, Fosin, Frismanov.
21. Khabensky, Khaetovsky, Havermans, Khautin, Khodikov, Khrisky.
22. Tsaveler, Tsukermanov, Zuler, Tsapov, Tsiporkin, Tsipermanov, Tsakhnovsky.
23. Chemeris, Chernyakhovsky, Cherneev, Chikinsky, Chikhmanov, Chopovetsky.
24. Shevinsky, Shvetsov, Shimanov, Steinin, Shmorhun, Shpileyev, Shulyakhin, Shushkovsky.
25. Scherbovitsky, Shchedrin, Schirin.
26. Abramov, Edelmanov, Elkin, Esterikin, Efroimovich.
27. Yudakov, Yudin, Yurgelyansky, Yuzhelevsky, Yushkevich.
28. Yablonsky, Yagutkin, Yakubovich, Yarmitsky, Yakhnovich, Yastersonov.

Mazita mazhinji akawedzera kufanana neveRussia apo pavakashandurwa uye ndokuenda mune zvipupuriro. Saka panguva yekutambudzwa, maJuda vakaviga nhengo dzevanhu vemuIsrael muzita rekuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo.

Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye yakajairika sarudzo

Kune mamwe mazita asingakwanise kusiyaniswa nezwi ravo. Mamwe acho akajairika muCIS, kunyangwe achionekwa seasingawanzo muIsrael.

Ndeapi mazita anozivikanwa uye anozivikanwa emaJuda - runyorwa pazasi.

• Rabinovich - zita rezita rakazove rakakurumbira kuburikidza nekusarudzwa kwemajee nezve maJuda akaburitswa muhafu yepiri yezana ramakore rechi20;
• Goldman - muMoscow chete ndimo maunogona kuwana dzinosvika gumi nemashanu mhuri dzine zita rekupedzisira risiri zvisungo zvemhuri;
• Bergman - isinganyanyo kufarirwa, asi yakajairika muPoland, Germany neBulgaria;
• Katzman kana Katz izita revaJudha iro rakajairika mumashure-Soviet nyika.

Chokwadi chinonakidza: zita rekuti Abramov rinotarisirwa zvisirizvo neIsrael. MuRussia zita rekuti Abrama rave kushandiswawo kubva panguva dzekare, iro rakazoshandiswa zvakare kuenzanisira kwemhuri nenhaka.

Kazhinji mazita echiJudha

Mune iwo maforodha iwe unowana zviuru zveesarudzo izvo zvakanyanya kana kushomeka zvinozivikanwa, zvinoenderana nedunhu. Asi kune izvo izvo zvisingawanzoitika.

Mazita echiJuda akasarudzika mazhinji asina kana kunzwa nezvawo:

• Mintz;
• Maryamin;
• Yushprah;
• Mosesi;
• Dekmaher;
• Harishman;
• Khashan;
• Nehama;
• Shhizer;
• Karfunkel.

Munhoroondo yese yerudzi rwevanhu, vanhu veIsrael vakaoneswa kune ese marudzi enjodzi, saka mazita mazhinji akaramba achingova ndangariro mudura. Izvi zviri pamusoro ndizvo chete zvingasarudzwa zvine vatakuri vachiri vapenyu.

Varidzi vane mukurumbira wemazita echiJuda

Varume vakuru vesainzi nehunyanzvi vanowanzo kuve maJuda. Ichi chiitiko chiri nyore kutsanangura hunhu hwepfungwa nedzidzo. Vazhinji vanozivikanwa venguva ino zvakare vane chekuita nevanhu veIsrael, kunyangwe vachiwanzo viga ichi chokwadi.

Vakuru vanhu vakapfeka mazita echiJuda varipo.

1. Albert Einstein ndiye musayendisiti mukurusa kune iyo sainzi yemazuvano inovepo nekuvapo kwayo. Zvakawanikwa zvefizikisi zvakaunza budiriro munzira zhinji.
2. Karl Marx - akakurumbira mutungamiri wechiCommunist uye munyori wezvevashandi pane capitalism. Madzitateguru ake vaive vanaRabhi vechiGerman kuGerman kwezvizvarwa uye amai vake vaitarisira kuti Karl aizoenderera mberi nebhizinesi remhuri.
3. Franz Kafka munyori ane hunyanzvi uye ane tarenda anoshamisa, ane zita richiri kukudzwa nevanoziva veunyanzvi hwekunyora.

Vazhinji vamiriri vehunyanzvi hwazvino - maartist, vaimbi, vatambi, comedians - zvakare vane maJuda midzi uye vane mazita anoenderana. Masayendisiti anoratidza kuti kuvapo kwematarenda akasarudzika uye hunhu hunovaita kuti vazivise zvakare zvakare magene. Asi chokwadi ichi hachisati chasimbiswa uye chinoonekwa sekufungidzira.

Mazita echiJuda akasiyana uye akanaka, kunyange ruzha rwacho rwakasiyana zvakanyanya nenzeve dzemumba. Nekudaro, yega yega ine nhoroondo yayo yakasarudzika, yakadzika midzi mune yakadzika yekare.

Zviri Mukati

• Kuongorora kwakatangira uye kukosha kwemazita echiJuda
• Akanaka mazita echiJuda evasikana
• Chinyorwa chemazita echirume muRussia chimiro
• Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye yakajairika sarudzo
• Kazhinji mazita echiJudha
• Varidzi vane mukurumbira wemazita echiJuda

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