Sapphire ibwe rinoreva mubhaibheri .
Sapphire zvinoreva chokwadi, kutendeka uye kuvimbika. Safira inobatanidzwawo nenyasha dzaMwari. Bhuruu raive ruvara raishandiswa nevapristi kuratidza kubatana kwavo nematenga. MuMiddle Ages, safiro yaimiririra kubatana kwemupristi nedenga, uye masafaya aive mumarin'i emabhishopi. Aivewo matombo akasarudzwa nemadzimambo. Sapphire mucherechedzo wekuzvipira kuna Mwari.
LEGEND
Maererano nengano, Mosesi akagamuchira Mirayiro Gumi pamabhodhi esafi, izvo zvinoita kuti dombo rive dzvene uye mumiriri wenyasha dzaMwari. VaPersia vekare vaitenda kuti pasi rakagara pane hofori yesafiri uye kuti denga rine chikwangwani chebhuruu kune kubviswa kwesafiri.
Nenheyo dzerusvingo rweguta dzakashongedzwa nematombo ese anokosha. Nheyo yekutanga yaiva jasipisi; yechipiri safiri; yechitatu, kiredhoni; yechina, emaradhi; Yechishanu, yesadhio; yechitanhatu, sardio; yechinomwe, krisoriti. worusere, bheriri; yepfumbamwe topazi; yegumi krisoprasi; yegumi nerimwe, hiakindi; yegumi nembiri, ametiste. Zvakazarurwa 21: 19-20 .
SAPPHIRE: Dombo REUCHENJERI
Chii chinomirirwa nesafire? .Safiri ndeimwe yematombo mana anokosha pasi rese uye akanakisa padhuze ne ruby, diamond uye emerald.
Iyo inozivikanwawo seUltralite, inowanzo kuwanikwa mumadhigidhi akapfuma muhematite, bauxite uye rutile. Ruvara rwayo rwebhuruu rwunokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwaro kunosanganisira aluminium, titanium uye iron.
Masafire anofambidzana nekuvimbika uye kuvimbika. Safiri inowanzo kuve yebhuruu, kunyangwe paine pingi, yero uye kunyange chena kana isina sapphires. Yakagadzirwa nealuminium oxide inonzi corundum, ndiyo yakaoma kwazvo simbi zvicherwa mushure medhaimani. Iyo yebhuruu corundum isafire, nepo iyo tsvuku iriruby.
Nhoroondo
Iyo Sanskrit sauriratna yakava izwi rechiHebheru Sapphire = rakanakisa pazvinhu. Masafire anowanikwa pasi rese, aine mhando yepamusoro matombo anokosha kubva kuMyanmar kana Burma, Australia neSoutheast Asia. Masafiro akatanga kuwanikwa muUnited States muna 1865. Nzvimbo yakatenderedza Yogo Gulch, Montana, USA. Inozivikanwa neyakajairika yebhuruu, yepamusoro-soro masafire ayo asingade kurapwa kupisa.
Tsime chairo reBlue Sapphire riri muCeylon, nhasi Sri Lanka, kune mugodhi wekaresa weSapphire. Sekureva kwezvimwe zvinyorwa, maSafiri eSri Lanka aitozivikanwa muzana ramakore rechina nemakumi masere BC, uye zvinonzi Mambo Soromoni vakadana mambokadzi weSaba nekumupa maSafiri kubva munyika iyoyo, chaizvo kubva kumatunhu akapoterera eguta reRatnapura , zvinoreva guta rematombo muSinhala.
MIBVUNZO YASAPFIRE
Kune akawanda marudzi emasafire. Zvinoenderana nemavara avo, ivo vanozivikanwa sesafiri nhema, kupatsanurwa nesafiri, girifuru sapphire uye violet sapphire, nezvimwe.
Masafire emamwe mavara anozivikanwa seanofungidzirwa nesafiri.
- White Sapphire: Iri dombo rinomiririra ruramisiro, hunhu uye rusununguko.
- Parti Sapphire: Iyi Sapphire, inowanikwa muAustralia, mubatanidzwa wemavara akati wandei: girini, bhuruu, yero uye yakajeka. Iyi safiro inounza pamwechete hunhu hwese mamwe maSafiri. Masafireti eAustralia anowanzove nemagreen nuances uye akajeka ehexagonal mabhendi.
- Nhema Sapphire: Ine simba rooting iyo inobatsira kukunda kusagadzikana uye nekuparadzira kusahadzika.
- Violet Sapphire: Batanidza pamweya. Inozivikanwa seDombo reKumuka.
- Anofungidzira safirefi:
- MuSri Lanka inozivikanwaPadparadschas anoonekwa,machena machena, zvakare pinki uye yero.
- MuAustralia, yero uye girini masafire emhando yepamusoro mhando.
- MuKenya, Tanzania neMadagascar, zvinofungidzirwa zvesafire zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.
NYOTA SAPPHIRE
Iyo inozivikanwa seDombo reUchenjeri uye Rombo Rakanaka.
Simba: Kugamuchira.
Planet: Mwedzi
Chinhu chemvura.
Unamwari: Apollo.
Masimba: Pfungwa, rudo, kufungisisa, runyararo, mashiripiti anodzivirira, kurapa, simba, mari.
Iyo inonzi Asterism kana Nyeredzi Mhedzisiro inokonzerwa neyakafanana neasina inclusions iyo inomhanya yakafanana munzira mbiri dzakasiyana uye inogadzira nyeredzi inoratidzwa pamusoro payo. Aya maRutilium inclusions, anonzi zvakare silika.
Nyeredzi inoumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwemakomba madiki esirinda mukati mebwe sediki dzidiki tsono dzesiringi dzinosangana pakati pamakona akasiyana kuburitsa chiitiko chinonzi asterism. Mune matema masafire iwo hematite tsono.
Ruvara rweyeredzi yesafiri runosiyana kubva kubhuruu mune akasiyana shades kusvika pingi, orenji, yero, girini, lavender uye kubva grey kusvika nhema. Iwo mavara ekupenda mune yebhuruu nesafiri isimbi uye titanium; vanadium inogadzira matombo e violet. Chinhu chidiki chesimbi chinoguma chete neyeyero uye toni toni; chromium inogadzira pinki ruvara, uye iron uye vanadium machungwa matoni. Ruvara runonyanya kudiwa rwakajeka, bhuruu rakasimba.
Iyo chaiyo asteria ndiyo nyeredzi yesafiri, kazhinji bhuruu-grey, mukaka kana opalescent corundum, ine nyeredzi nhanhatu. Mune red corundum, nyeredzi ratidziro haina kujairika, uye nekudaro, iyoruby-nyeredzipano neapo inosangana nesafiri-nyeredzi.
Vekare vaifunga nyeredzi dzesafiri senhare ine simba yaidzivirira vafambi nevanotsvaga. Ivo vaionekwa sevanesimba zvekuti vaizoramba vachidzivirira mushandisi, kunyangwe mushure mekuendeswa kune mumwe munhu.
Chiratidzo cheZodiac: Taurus.
Nzvimbo: Australia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka neThailand. Zvimwe zvakakosha dhiziri yesafiri nyeredzi zviri muBrazil, Cambodia, China, Kenya, Madagascar. Malawi, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, Tanzania, United States (Montana), Vietnam neZimbabwe.
SAPPHIRE TRAPICHE
Kunyange Trapiche mapatani akajairika muemeralds, ivo havana kujairika mu corundum uye vanowanzo ganhurirwa kuruby.Trapiche Sapphires, sengekorariuyemusungo emeralds, inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitanhatu zvesafire zvakagadziriswa uye zvakapatsanurwa nemaoko zvinokonzeresa nyeredzi yakagadzika yemwaranzi nhanhatu.
Iro zita re trapiche, rakafuridzirwa nekufanana kwechimiro ichi neicho chepini huru yemuchina unoshandiswa kuburitsa muto kubva munzimbe. Nhasi, izwi iri rinoshandiswa kurondedzera zvinoitika mune chero nyaya panowanikwa ichi chiumbanda.
Mazhinji emaSafirefi eTrapiche, akadai seTrapiche rubies, anobva kunzvimbo yeMong Hsu yeBurma neWest Africa.
Aya maratidziro ekuumbwa anowanikwawo mumaminerari mazhinji akasiyana emhando dzakasiyana, anoti: Alexandrite, amethyst, aquamarine, aragonite, chalcedony, spinel, nezvimwe.
PADPARADSCHA SAPPHIRE KANA ROTUS RUVA
Iro zita rinobva kuSanskrit Padma raga (Padma = lotus; raga = ruvara), chaizvo: ruvara rwemaruva erotus pakuvira kwezuva.
Yakakosha kwazvo uye inokosheswa zvakasiyana, inoratidzirwa neyayo yero, pingi uye orenji mavara. Iyo isafire isingawanzo muhunhu. Iyo zvakare inogadzirwa synthetically.
Aya safire anobva kuSri Lanka (yaimbova Ceylon). Zvisinei, ivo vakabviswawo muQuy Chau (Vietnam), Tunduru (Tanzania) neMadagascar. Masafire eorenji akawanikwa muUmba (Tanzania), asi anowanzove akasviba pane akakodzera uye aine brown brown.
Madhipatimendi: Sri Lanka, Tanzania neMadagascar.
MHEPO DZECHOKWADI DZINOKOSHA
Zvishongo zvekorona yeBritish zvine akawanda esafiri, anomiririra akachena uye vakangwara vatungamiriri. Kunge korona yaSt. Edward. Korona yeumambo ine nesafiri yaEdward the Confessor uye iri mukati memuchinjikwa weMalta wakaiswa pamusoro pekorona.
Masafiro mahombe achiri akasarudzika se:
- Nyeredzi yeIndia, pasina mubvunzo yakakura kupfuura yakambovezwa (563 carats) uye Midnight Star (Midnight Star), 116-carat nhema nyeredzi yesafiri.
- Akawanikwa makore mazana matatu apfuura muSri Lanka, iyo Star yeIndia yakapihwa kuAmerican Museum ye Natural Nhoroondo nemupi wezvemari JP Morgan.
- Iyo Saint Edward uye Stuart (104 carats), yakaiswa mukorona yehumambo yeEngland.
- Nyeredzi yeAsia: Inowanikwa muSmithsonian Institution yeWashington (330 carats) pamwe neiyo Star yeArtaban (316 carats).
- Makaroti mazana mana nemakumi matatu nematatu Logan Sapphire inoratidzwa muSmithsonian Museum ye Natural History (Washington). Ndiyo huru sapphire inozivikanwa. Yakapihwa naMai John A. Logan muna 1960.
- MaAmerican akaveza misoro yemapurezidhendi matatu mumasafiri makuru: Washington, Lincoln naEisenhower, padombo rakawanikwa muna1950, rairema zviuru zviviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe, zvakaderedzwa kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mana nemana emakarati.
- Iyo Ruspoli kana Rispoli, sapphire yakaita-yedhaimani yemakumi matatu neshanu makateti aive aLouis XIV, parizvino ari muNational Museum ye Natural Nhoroondo muParis.
- Pfuma yeKathedral yeReims (France) ine chitarisiko chaCarlo Magno, chaaipfeka pamutsipa wake pakavhurwa guva rake muna 1166, uye gare gare, mufundisi weAix-la-Chapelle akapa Napoleon I °. Aive nesafiri mbiri huru. Gare gare yakatakurwa naNapoleon III.
SEPTEMBA KUBEREKWA GEM
Safiri ndiro dombo rekuzvarwa remwedzi waGunyana uye raimbova dombo raApril. Icho chiratidzo cheSaturn naVenus uye chinofambidzana nezviratidzo zveyeredzi zveAcarius, Virgo, Libra neCapricorn. Masafire anonzi ane simba rekuporesa, rudo uye simba. Iri gem rinogona kubatsira kujekesa kwepfungwa uye kukurudzira kuwana kwemari.
ZVINOKOSHA KUSHANDISWA KWESAPPHIRES
Nekuda kwekuoma kwavo, matombo esafaya ave achishandiswa mukushandisa kunoshanda. Kumwe kwekushandisa uku kunosanganisira infrared optical zvinoriumba mumidziyo yesainzi, mahwindo akasimba akasimba, makriststi ekuona uye mabhegi emagetsi akapfava anoshandiswa mumaseketi akabatanidzwa uye nezvimwe zvakaomarara-zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa.
Iko kuomarara kwemasafire kunozvikweretesa mushe kumatombo nekucheka. Zvinogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore kuita hupfu hwakakora, hwakakwana sandpaper uye polishing maturusi uye zvinoumbwa.
SYNTHETIC SAPPHIRES
Synthetic sapphires akatanga kusikwa muna 1902 kubva pane imwe nzira yakagadzirwa neFrance chemakemikari Auguste Verneuil. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora yakanaka alumina poda uye kuinyungudutsa mumurazvo wekupisa gasi. Iyo alumina inoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma muchimiro chemisodzi yesafaya zvinhu.
Synthetic sapphires anenge akafanana muchitarisiko uye zvivakwa kune zvakasikwa masafire. Matombo aya anosiyana pamutengo asi anowanzo shandiswa mune zvishongo zvisingadhuri.
Nhasi, zvakagadzirwa nesafiro zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvekuti nyanzvi inodiwa kusiyanisa zvakasikwa kubva pamhando dzakasiyana.
MITAMBO
• Mvura Sapphire: ndiyo mhando yebhuruu yecordierite kana dichroite.
Sapphire chena: yakaumbirwa, isina ruvara uye yakajeka corundum.
• Safiri yekunyepa: akasiyana eakakwenenzverwa quartz ane bhuruu colouration nekuda kweiyo diki inclusions yecrocidolite.
Safiri yekumabvazuva: safiro inokosheswa nekupenya kwayo kana kumabvazuva.
Zviri Mukati