MuTestamente Itsva yeBhaibheri, maSamaria anogara achitaurwa nezvawo. Semuenzaniso, mufananidzo weSamariya Akanaka kubva kunaRuka. Nyaya yaJesu nemukadzi weSamaria patsime remvura kubva kuna Johane inozivikanwa.
VaSamaria nemaJuda kubva panguva yaJesu havana kuwirirana. Nhoroondo yevaSamaria inodzokera kune kugarwazve kweIsrael Humambo hweKumusoro, mushure meKutapwa.
Muevhangeri, Ruka, kunyanya, anotaura nezvevaSamaria kazhinji, zvese muvhangeri rake nemunaMabasa. Jesu anotaura zvakanaka nezvevaSamaria.
VaSamaria
MuBhaibheri uye kunyanya muTestamente Itsva, mapoka akasiyana evanhu anouya, semuenzaniso, vaFarise nevaSadhusi, asiwo maSamaria. VaSamaria ivavo ndivanaani? Mhinduro dzakasiyana dzinogoneka kumubvunzo uyu. Iwo matatu akajairika ivo; maSamaria sevagari veimwe nzvimbo, seboka redzinza, uye seboka rechitendero (Meier, 2000).
VaSamaria sevagari veimwe nharaunda
Mumwe anogona kutsanangura maSamaria nenzvimbo. VaSamaria ipapo ndivo vanhu vanogara mune imwe nharaunda, kureva Samaria. Munguva yaJesu, ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweJudhiya uye kumaodzanyemba kweGarirea. Yakanga iri kumadokero kwerwizi rweJoridhani.
Guta guru renzvimbo iyoyo raimbonzi Samariya. Mambo Herodhi Mukuru akavakazve guta iri muzana ramakore rekutanga BC. Muna 30 AD, guta rakapihwa zita rekuti ‘Sebaste’ kuitira kuti vakudze mambo weRoma Augustus. Zita rekuti Sebaste nderechiGiriki chimiro chechiLatin Nyamavhuvhu.
VaSamaria seboka redzinza
Mumwe anogona zvakare kuona maSamaria seboka revanhu. VaSamaria vanobva vadzika kubva kuvagari vehumambo hwekuchamhembe hwaIsraeri. Mugore ra722 BC, chikamu chevagari venzvimbo iyoyo chakadzoserwa nevaAsiriya muUtapwa. Vamwe vagari vakatumirwa kunharaunda yakatenderedza Samariya nevaAsiria. VaIsiraeri vakasara vekuchamhembe kweIsrael vakasangana nevatsva ava. VaSamaria vakabva vabuda pane izvi.
Pakati penguva yaJesu, nzvimbo yakatenderedza Samariya inogarwa nemapoka emarudzi akasiyana. MaJuda, vazukuru vevaAsiria, vaBhabhironi, uye vazukuru vevakakunda vechiGiriki kubva panguva yaAlexander Mukuru (356 - 323 BC) vanogarawo munzvimbo iyi.
VaSamaria seboka rechitendero
VaSamaria vanogona zvakare kutsanangurwa maererano nechitendero. VaSamaria ndivo vanhu vanonamata Mwari, Yahweh (YHWH). VaSamaria vanosiyana pachinamato chavo nemaJuda anonamatawo Yahweh. Kune veSamaria, Gomo reGerizim ndiyo nzvimbo yekukudza nekubaira Mwari. Kune maJuda, ndiro gomo retembere muJerusarema, Gomo reZioni.
VaSamaria vanofungidzira kuti vanotevera mutsara wechokwadi wehupirisita hwevaRevhi. Kune vaSamaria nemaJuda, mabhuku mashanu ekutanga eBhaibheri anonzi akanyorwa naMosesi ane chiremera. MaJuda anotendawo vaporofita nemagwaro sekuremekedza. Vaviri vekupedzisira vanorambwa nevaSamaria. MuTestamente Itsva, munyori anowanzo nongedzera kuvaSamaria seboka rechitendero.
VaSamaria muBhaibheri
Guta reSamaria rinowanikwa muTestamente Yekare neTestamente Itsva. MuTestamente Itsva, vaSamaria vanotaurwa nezvazvo mupfungwa yekubatana kwechitendero. MuTesitamende yekare, pane zviratidzo zvishoma chete nezvekwakabva maSamaria.
VaSamaria muTestamente Yekare
Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yechinyakare yeSamaria, kupatsanurana pakati pechitendero chevaSamaria nechiJudha kwakaitika Eli, mupristi paakafambisa nzvimbo inoera kuti vabayire kubva paGomo reGerizim kuenda pedyo neShekemu, kuSiro. Eri aive mupirisita mukuru munguva yeVatongi (1 Sameri 1: 9-4: 18).
VaSamaria vanoti Eri akabva amisa nzvimbo yekunamatira nehupirisita zvaisadiwa naMwari. VaSamaria vanofungidzira kuti vanoshumira Mwari munzvimbo yechokwadi, kureva Gomo reGerizim, uye vane hupristi hwechokwadi (Meier, 2000).
Muna 2 Madzimambo 14, zvinotsanangurwa kubva pandima 24 kuti Samaria iri kugarwazve nevanhu vasiri vevaJudha. Izvi ndezve vanhu vanobva kuBhabheri, Kuta, Awwa, Hamat, uye Sepharvaim. Mushure mekunge vanhu vatambudzwa neshumba dzinorwisa, hurumende yeAsiriya yakatumira mupirisita wechiIsraeri kuSamaria kuti adzorere kunamata kuna Mwari.
Nekudaro, mupristi mumwe iyeye akadzorera kunamatira muSamaria zvinoonekwa sezvisingakwanisike naDroeve (1973). Tsika uye hutsanana zvinodiwa nechitendero chechiJuda zvinoita kuti zvisaite kuti murume mumwe azviite nemazvo.
Mambo weAsiriya akatuma vanhu kubva kuBhabhironi, Kuta, Awwa, Hamat neSefarvaimi kumaguta eSamaria, kwaakavapa nzvimbo yekugara panzvimbo yevaIsraeri. Vanhu ava vakatora Samaria ndokuenda kunogara ikoko. Nguva yokutanga yavakagara ikoko, vakanga vasinganamati Jehovha. Ndokusaka JEHOVA akasunungura shumba pamusoro pavo, idzo dzakabvarura dzimwe pakati pavo.
Zvanzi kuna mambo weAsiria: Marudzi awakaunza kuSamaria kuti vagare mumaguta imomo havazivi mitemo yakatemwa naMwari wenyika iyoyo. Zvino asunungura shumba pamusoro pavo nekuti vanhu havazivi mitemo yaMwari wenyika iyoyo, uye vatouraya mimwe yavo.
Ipapo mambo weAsiria akaraira, akati, Dzosai mumwe wavapristi vakakuendesai kunyika kwaanobva. Anofanira kuenda kunogara ikoko uye anodzidzisa vanhu mitemo yaMwari wenyika iyoyo. Saka mumwe wevapristi vakanga vatapwa akadzokera kuSamaria ndokugara muBheteri, kwaakadzidzisa vanhu kunamata Jehovha.
Asi zvakadaro nyika dzese dzakaramba dzichigadzira zvimwari zvadzo zvamwari, izvo zvavakaisa mumusha wavo mutsva mutemberi dzakavakwa nevaSamaria panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekubaira. (2 Madzimambo 14: 24-29)
VaSamaria muTestamente Itsva
Pakati pevaparidzi vana, Marcus haatombonyora nezvevaSamaria zvachose. MuEvhangeri yaMateu, vaSamaria vanotaurwa kamwe chete panhepfenyuro yevadzidzi gumi nevaviri.
Ava gumi nevaviri vakatumira Jesu, uye akavapa rairo dzinotevera: Musatora nzira inoenda kumaJentairi uye musashanyira guta revaSamaria. Asi tsvaga hwai dzakarasika dzevanhu veIsrael. (Mateo 10: 5-6)
Uku kutaura kwaJesu kunoenderana nemufananidzo unopihwa naMateu naJesu. Nezvekumuka kwake uye nekukudzwa, Jesu anotarisa kune vanhu vechiJuda chete. Ipapo chete ndipo panouya dzimwe nyika mumufananidzo, sekurairwa kwemamishinari kubva kuna Mateo 26:19.
Muvhangeri raJohane, Jesu anotaura nemukadzi weSamaria patsime (Johane 4: 4-42). Mukukurukurirana uku, mamiriro echitendero chemukadzi weSamaria uyu anosimbiswa. Anonongedzera kuna Jesu kuti vaSamaria vanonamata Mwari paGomo reGerizimi. Jesu anozvizivisa pachena kwaari saMesiya. Mhedzisiro yekusangana uku ndeyekuti mukadzi uyu uyezve vazhinji vagari veguta rake vanosvika pakutenda muna Jesu.
Hukama pakati pevaSamaria nemaJuda hwaive husina kumira zvakanaka. MaJuda havadyidzane nevaSamaria (Johane 4: 9). VaSamaria vaionekwa sevasina kuchena. Kunyangwe mate emuSamaria haana kuchena sekutaura kwechiJuda paMishnah: MuSamaria akafanana nemurume akarara nemukadzi ari kumwedzi (enzanisa naRevhitiko 20:18) (Bouwman, 1985).
VaSamaria muvhangeri raRuka uye munaMabasa
Mune zvakanyorwa naRuka, vhangeri naMabasa, maSamaria anowanikwa zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, nyaya yemuSamaria Akanaka (Ruka 10: 25-37) uye nezvevane maperembudzi gumi, ayo muSamaria chete anodzoka nekutenda kuna Jesu (Ruka 17: 11-19). Mumufananidzo wemuSamariya Akanaka,iwo akateerana akateedzana pakutanga aizove mupirisita-wechiRevhizheni.
Chokwadi chekuti muvhangeri Jesu anotaura nezvemupirisita-muRevhi-muSamaria uye kuti ndiye muSamariya chaiye anoita zvakanaka, anomuteterera uyezve nezvevagari vevaSamaria.
Muna Mabasa 8: 1-25, Ruka anotsanangura nezvebasa pakati pevaSamaria. Firipi mupostori anounza evhangeri yaJesu kuvaSamaria. Gare gare Petro naJohani vanoendawo kuSamaria. Vakanamatira maChristu evaSamaria, uyezve vakabva vagamuchira Mweya Mutsvene.
Zvinoenderana nenyanzvi dzeBhaibheri (Bouwman, Meier), vaSamaria vanotsanangurwa zvine mutsindo muvhangeri raRuka uye munaMabasa, nekuti pakanga paine kupesana musangano rekutanga revaKristu rakanyorerwa naRuka. Nekuda kwekutaura kwakanaka kwaJesu pamusoro pevaSamaria, Ruka aizoedza kukurudzira kugamuchirwa pakati pevaJudha nevaSamaria maKristu.
Kuti Jesu anotaura zvakanaka pamusoro pevaSamaria kunoonekwa kubva mukupomedzerwa kwaanowana kubva kumaJuda. Vaifunga kuti Jesu pachake aizove muSamaria. Vakachema kuna Jesu, 'Dzimwe nguva tinotaura zvisizvo here kuti iwe uri muSamaria uye kuti une mweya?' Ini handina mweya, akadaro Jesu. Anonyarara nezve mukana wekuti angave muSamaria. (Johani 8: 48-49).
Zvinyorwa uye mareferensi
- Doeve, JW (1973). ChiJudha chePalestine pakati pe500 BC na70 AD. Kubva pakutapwa kuenda kuna Agripa. Utrecht.
- Meier, JP (2000). Jesu wenhoroondo nevaSamaria vekare: Chii chingataurwa? Biblica 81, 202-232.
- Bouwman, G. (1985). Nzira yeshoko. Izwi remugwagwa. Kugadzirwa kwechechi diki. Baarn: Gumi Vane.
- Shanduro yeBhaibheri Itsva
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