Zvinokonzera hupoteri muU.SA.
Hurumende ye USA zvipo hupoteri kuvagari ndiani anogona kuratidza kuti vari kutya kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo , nekuti vane kutya kwakasimba kwekutambudzwa . Zvizvarwa zvemunyika vanogona zvakare kuve nekodzero yekupihwa hupoteri kana, munguva yakapfuura, vaifanira kusiya nyika yavo nekuda kwekutambudzwa.
Kwegore rimwe, mushure mekugamuchira hupoteri muUnited States, vagari vanogona kunyorera green card , iyo inovapa kodzero yekugara zvachose. Kuti uwane risiti yezvematongerwo enyika muUSA, mugari anofanira kutanga ataura neImigration Service ( USCIS ) uye takura iyo fomu rekunyorera navo.
Mushure mekuongorora nyaya yako, iwe unogashira sarudzo inogona kuve yakaipa kana yakanaka. Kana mhinduro iri kwete, mugari anogona kukwidza nyaya yake kudare uye aratidze kuvapo kwezvikonzero zvekupotera kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Mukuita kwekuwana hupoteri hwezvematongerwo enyika, uchafanirwa kugonesa vekupinda munyika kana mutongi, uyo ari panjodzi chaiyo, akatambudzwa asati ashandira sevhisi, kana uyo ane njodzi yekuve mumwe mune ramangwana. Nekudaro, iyo yekutyisidzira kana yekushushwa mushumo inofanirwa kusimbiswa mukunyora kuitira humbowo hweramangwana.
Kana zviri zvekutyisidzirwa kwekutambudzwa, zvinoreva mukana wekukuvara kana kubiwa, kusungwa, kuiswa mutirongo uye kutyisidzirwa nerufu. Chimwe chikonzero chekukumbira hupoteri hwezvematongerwo enyika chingave kudzingwa pabasa, kudzingwa kuchikoro, kurasikirwa nedzimba, imwe imba, pamwe nezvimwe kutyorwa kwekodzero .
Paunenge uchinyorera hupoteri hwezvematongerwo enyika muUnited States, unofanirwa kudoma, uchiratidza mavambo ekutambudzwa. Iyi sosi inogona kuve iyo hurumende pachayo, mapurisa kana vakuru vechero chikamu kana kunyangwe chero munhu ari munharaunda yenyika yako. Chechipiri, unofanira kuratidza kuti hurumende haina kutora matanho ekuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka kwako kana, zvakatonyanya, kubatsira avo vaikushusha.
Pasi pemutemo weUnited States wekupinda munyika, izvi ndizvo zvikonzero zvekunyorera hupoteri hwezvematongerwo enyika:
- Maonero ezvematongerwo enyika
- Zvitendero
- Ivo ndeve rimwe boka renzanga.
- Rudzi kana nyika
- Kuva kune vashoma pabonde.
- Zvinokonzera rubatsiro
Kuti uwane hupoteri muUS, unofanirwa kuratidza kuti mhosva yacho haisi yehukama mune zvakasikwa uye inoenderana nechimwe chezvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro. Naizvozvo, kune varwi vemauto vanotambudzwa, vanoshungurudzwa nemasoja akura kana mukuru, zvichave zvakafanira kusimbisa zvikonzero zvekupokana.
1. Vanhu vanotambudza vamwe nezvikonzero zvematongerwo enyika, kana nekuti ndevechimwe chitendero, boka remagariro, dzinza, nyika.
2. Vanhu vakabatwa nemhosva.
3. Vanhu vanoisa njodzi kuUnited States kana paine chikonzero chakanaka chekutenda njodzi iyi.
4. Vanhu vakapara mhosva mudunhu renyika yavo kuyedza kunzvenga basa munzvimbo yeUnited States.
5. Vanhu vanogara nekusingaperi munharaunda yemamwe matunhu, kunze kwenyika yemuno, vasati vasvika muUnited States.
Chimwe nechimwe chezvikonzero zvekuwana hupoteri muUnited States chine chirevo chakanangana nezviri mukati. Kazhinji, tinopa kuti zvikonzero izvi ndezvipi.
Maonero ezvematongerwo enyika
Chinyorwa 19 cheiyo Yakazara Ziviso yeKodzero dzevanhu . , inosimbisa kuti Munhu wese anekodzero yerusununguko rwekufunga nekutaura: kodzero iyi inosanganisira rusununguko rwekuva nepfungwa pasina kupindira uye kutsvaga, kugamuchira nekutumira ruzivo nemafungiro nenzira chero ipi uye zvisineyi nemiganhu yehurumende. Iyi nheyo inosimbiswa ne Chinyorwa 19 chechibvumirano chepasi rose chekodzero dzevanhu nezvematongerwo enyika .
Iye anenge achinyorera anofanira kupa humbowo hwekutya kwakasimba kwekutambudzwa nekuda kwekuparidza dzidziso dzakadai. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chimiro chevakuru pamusoro pechinodavirwa nemufambisi ndezvekutenda kusingashiviriri kunonzi kwaitwa neanokumbira kana zviremera zveanokumbira, kuti anenge achinyorera kana vamwe vanga vari mumamiriro akafanana, vakatambudzwa nekuda kwezvavanotenda kana kutyisidzirwa kubva ivo. matanho.
Zvitendero
Chiziviso chepasirese che 1948 Kodzero dzevanhu uye Chibvumirano chepasi rose pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu nezvematongerwo enyika cha1966 , inozivisa kodzero yekusununguka kwekufunga, hana uye chitendero. Kodzero iyi inosanganisira rusununguko rwekusarudza, kushandura chitendero uye kodzero yekuparadzira zvavanotenda, kodzero yekudzidzisa zvechitendero, kunamata uye kubvumidza tsika nemitambo.
Mienzaniso yekutambudzwa kwechitendero inosanganisira:
- kurambidza kutora chikamu mumasangano echitendero;
- kurambidza zviitiko zvechitendero munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji;
- kurambidza dzidzo yechitendero uye kudzidziswa;
-kusarura kwekuva wechitendero.
Ivo ndeve rimwe boka renzanga.
Masangano ezvemagariro anowanzo kuunza pamwechete vanhu vane mavambo akafanana, vane mararamiro akafanana kana vane chinzvimbo chakatowanda (vadzidzi, pensioners, vanamuzvinabhizimusi). Kushungurudzwa kweizvi kunowanzo kuperekedzwa nekutya kutambudzwa, nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero, senge dzinza, chitendero, uye nyika yavakabva.
Chisungo chechipiri che1948 Chiziviso cheKodzero Dzevanhu zvinoreva nyika nenyika nemagariro pakati penzira dzerusarura dzinobva pane izvo zvinofanirwa kurambidzwa. Zvimwe zvakafanana zvinowanikwa muInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights uye Chibvumirano cheInternational on Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
Rudzi kana nyika
Vhura iyo 1951 Kokorodzano , kududzirwa kweshoko chizvarwa haina kuganhurirwa kune pfungwa ye nyika Izvo zvinosanganisirawo kutora chikamu kweimwe dzinza, chinamato kana mitauro yeboka uye zvinogona kutopindirana nepfungwa yerudzi. Nekudaro, kutambudzwa pamusoro penzvimbo dzedzinza kana dzenyika kunowanzooneswa mune hutsinye uye inosanganisira matanho kurwisa vashoma venyika ( chinamato, dzinza ).
Kana Hurumende iine mamwe madzinza kana mitauro yemapoka, hazviwanzo kuitika kusiyanisa kutambudzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemadzinza kubva pakutambudzwa kwezvavanotenda mune zvematongerwo enyika, kubva mukubatanidzwa kwemafambiro ezvematongerwo enyika nerumwe rudzi, saka, mune ino kesi, zvakafanira kutaura nezve zvimwe zvezvikonzero nezvikonzero zvekutongwa.
Zvepabonde vashoma
Kunyangwe mutemo uchisimbisa kodzero dzakaenzana uye nerusununguko kuvarume nevagari, nyaya dzekubatwa chibharo dzevanhu vashoma pabonde hadziwanzoitika. Mienzaniso yekushungurudzwa pabonde kwevashoma kunogona kuve kuitiswa kwemitemo yekuvenga ngochani, kupara mhosva kwehukama hwepabonde, rusarura kubasa nebasa. Muenzaniso wekutambudzwa unogona zvakare kuve kurambidzwa kwe Masangano eLGBT , kurambidzwa kwerusununguko rwekusangana pamwe nerunyararo.
Zvinokonzera rubatsiro
Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero, asi sarudzo yakazvimiririra yekukwanisa kupinda nekugara muUnited States. Iyo inopihwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvevanhu. Sarudzo yekupa kodzero yekupinda muUnited States inopihwa nemunyori we United States Dhipatimendi reHomeland Security . Naizvozvo, danho rekuburitsa rezinesi rinogona kunge riri rezvikonzero zvekurapa uye zvekubatsira vanhu, pamwe nemamiriro ezvinhu echimbichimbi.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira hupoteri?
An asylee, kana munhu anotambira hupoteri, anodzivirirwa kubva pakudzoserwa kunyika yake, kwaanobvumidzwa kushanda muUnited States, anogona kunyorera kadhi rekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu , unogona kunyorera mvumo yekuenda kunze kwenyika, uye unogona kunyorera kuunza nhengo dzemhuri kuUnited States. Asylees anogona zvakare kuve anokodzera kune mamwe mabhenefiti, akadai seMedicaid kana Refugee Medical Rubatsiro.
Mushure megore rimwe, asylee anokwanisa kunyorera chinzvimbo chepamutemo chekugara (kureva green card). Kana munhu achinge ava mugari wechigarire, vanofanirwa kumirira makore mana kunyorera kuva mugari wenyika.
Ndeipi nzira yekukumbira kupotera?
Pane nzira mbiri huru idzo munhu dzaanogona kunyorera hupoteri muUnited States: maitiro kubvuma uye maitiro kudzivirira . Vanotsvaga hupoteri vanosvika pachiteshi cheU.S. chekupinda kana kupinda muUnited States vasina kuongororwa kazhinji vanofanirwa kuendesa chikumbiro kuburikidza nedziviriro nzira yekuhwanda. Maitiro ese ari maviri anoda kuti anotsvaga hupoteri avepo muUnited States.
- Vanosungirwa hupoteri: Munhu asiri mukutora matanho anogona kukumbira kunyorerwa kuburikidza neUnited States Citizenship uye Immigration Services (USCIS), chikamu che Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) . Kana mukuru weUSCIS akapotera chikumbiro uye iye anenge achinyorera asina chinzvimbo chepamutemo chekutamira, vanoendeswa kudare redzimhosva kuti vabvise mafambiro, uko kwavanogona kumutsidzira chikumbiro chekupotera kuburikidza nedziviriro. Uye voonekwa pamberi pemutongi wezvekupinda munyika.
- Kunodzivirira hutiziro: munhu ari mukutora matanho anogona kunyorera pekuhwanda achizvidzivirira nekunyora chikumbiro nemutongi wekupinda munyika ku Executive Office yeImigration Ongororo ( EIRO ) kuDhipatimendi Rezvemitemo. Mune mamwe mazwi, hupoteri hunotsvaga sedziviriro pakubviswa kubva kuU.S. Kusiyana nedare rematsotsi, EOIR haipe gweta rakasarudzika revanhu vari mudare rekupinda, kunyangwe ivo vasingakwanise kuchengeta gweta reakaundi yako.
Ane kana asina gweta, anotsvaga hupoteri ane mutoro wekuratidza kuti anosangana netsananguro yemupoteri. Vanotsvaga hupoteri vanowanzopa humbowo hwakasimba munzira dzekuzvidzivirira dzinoratidza kutambudzwa kwakapfuura kana kuti vane kutya kwakasimba kwekutambudzwa mune ramangwana munyika yokumusha kwavo. Nekudaro, humbowo hwemunhu uyu hunowanzo kukoshesa kutsunga kwavo kwekupotera.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira hutiziro hwevanhu. Kunze kwekuganhurirwa, vanhu vasina kunyorera hupoteri mukati megore rimwe chete rekupinda muUnited States havazogone kuzvigamuchira. Saizvozvowo, vanyoreri vanoisa njodzi kuUnited States vanorambidzwa kubva kupotera.
Pane here nguva yekupedzisira yezvikumbiro zvehupoteri?
Munhu kazhinji anofanira kunyorera hupoteri mukati megore rimwe rekuuya muUnited States. Icho chokwadi chekuti DHS inofanirwa kuzivisa vanotsvaga hupoteri ino nguva yekupedzisira ndiyo nyaya yekumirira kukwirira. Dare redzimhosva rakapokana nekutadza kwehurumende kupa vanotsvaga hupoteri ziviso yegore rimwe chete uye maitiro eunifomu ekuendesa mafomu nenguva.
Vanotsvaga hupoteri mune yekusimbisa uye yekudzivirira maitiro vanosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda mukusangana kwegore-rimwe rekupedzisira. Vamwe vanhu vanotarisana nemhedzisiro inokatyamadza kubva pakusungwa kwavo kana nguva yekufamba kuenda kuUnited States uye vangangodaro vasina kuziva kuti pane nguva yekupedzisira.
Kunyangwe avo vanoziva nguva yekupedzisira vanosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvehurongwa, senge kunonoka kwenguva refu, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvikone kuendesa kunyorera kwavo nenzira yakakodzera. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kushaya gore-gore rekupedzisira ndicho chikonzero chete icho hurumende inoramba chikumbiro chekupotera.
Chii chinoitika kune vanotsvaga hupoteri vanosvika pamuganhu weUnited States?
Vasiri vagari vanosangana kana kuzivisa kumukuru weU.S. pachiteshi chekupinda kana padyo nemuganhu vanozviisa pasi kukurumidza kudzingwa , chiitiko chinokurumidza chinopa mvumo kuDHS kuendesa nekukurumidza vamwe vanhu.
Kuona kuti United States haina kutyora mitemo yenyika pamwe neyepasi rese nekudzosa vanhu kunyika uko hupenyu hwavo kana rusununguko rungave panjodzi. kutya kunovimbika nemaitiro acho zvine musoro zve kuonekwa kwe kutya inowanikwa kune vanotsvaga hupoteri mune yekukurumidza nzira dzekubvisa.
Kutya kwakasimba
Vanhu vanoiswa mukukurumidza kubvisa matanho uye vanoudza mukuru weCustoms neBorder Protection ( CBP ) vanotya kutambudzwa, kutambudzwa kana kudzoka kunyika yavo kana vanoshuvira kunyorera hupoteri vanofanirwa kuendeswa kunovhenekwa nekutya kuongororwa kunoitwa. nemupoteri.
Kana mupoteri akaona kuti mutsvaga ane kutya kwakasimba kwekutambudzwa kana kushungurudzwa, zvinoreva kuti munhu wacho aratidza kuti vane mukana wakakosha wekumisikidza kukodzera kwekupotera kana kumwe kuchengetedzwa pasi peConferensi pamusoro peKutambudzwa. Munhu wacho achaendeswa kudare redzimhosva kuti aenderere mberi nedziviriro yekukumbira kupotera.
Kana mupoteri akaona kuti munhu Aihwa ane kutya kwekuvimbika, kudzingwa kwemunhu kunorairwa. Asati aburitswa munyika, munhu wacho anogona kukwidza danho rakaipa rekutya kuburikidza nedanho rakadzokororwa rekuongorora pamberi pemutongi wezvekupinda munyika. Kana mutongi wekupinda munyika achipidigura kwakaipa kwekutya kwekuvimbika, munhu wacho anoiswa mukuenderera mberi kwekubvisa nzira iyo munhu wacho yaanogona kutsvaga dziviriro kubva pakubviswa. Kana mutongi anoona nezvekupinda kwevanhu munyika akasimbisa kuwanikwa kwakaipa kweiye mupoteri, munhu wacho achabviswa kuUnited States.
- Mugore remari 2017, USCIS yakawana kuti vanhu 60,566 vaive nekutya kunovimbika. Vanhu ava, vazhinji vavo vakavharirwa panguva yekuongororwa, vachave nemukana wekukumbira hupoteri kune vanozvidzivirira uye kuratidza kuti vanosangana netsananguro yevapoteri.
- Huwandu hwe anotyisa kesi dzakakwira Sezvo maitiro akaitwa: Mugore remari 2009, iyo USCIS yakapedza 5,523 kesi. Nyaya dzakapedzisa dzakazosvika pakakwirira-nguva dzese mumari 2016 muna 92,071 uye dzadzikira kusvika pa79,777 mumari yegore ra2017.
Kutya kune musoro
Vanhu vanopinda zvakare muUnited States zvisiri pamutemo mushure mekudzoserwa kwekutanga uye vasiri-vagari vakatongerwa mhosva dzedzimwe mhosva vanoitirwa nzira yekukurumidza yekubvisa inonzi kudzoreredzwa kwekudzingwa .
Kuchengetedza vanotsvaga hupoteri kubva kubvisirwa pfupiso chikumbiro chavo chisati chanzwikwa, avo vanodzorera nzira dzekubvisa vanoratidza kutya kudzokera kunyika yavo vane kutya kwekutaura kwakanaka nemukuru wekupotera.
Kuratidza kutya zvine musoro, munhu wacho anofanira kuratidza kuti pane mukana unonzwisisika wekuti achatambudzwa munyika yekudzingwa kana kutambudzwa nekuda kwerudzi, chitendero, nyika, maonero ezvematongerwo enyika, kana nhengo yenyika yakati. nzanga yeboka. Nepo kutya kwekuvimbika uye kunonzwisisika kuchiongorora mukana wekutambudzwa kana kutambudzwa kwemunhu kana akadzingwa, kutya kwakaringana kwakakwirira.
Kana mupoteri akaona kuti munhu ane kutya kwakaringana kwekutambudzwa kana kushungurudzwa, vachaendeswa kudare redzimhosva. Munhu wacho anemukana wekuratidzira kumutongi wevanoona nezvekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika kuti anokodzera kupihwa kubvisa kana kudzoserwa kubviswa, kudzivirirwa pakutongwa kana kutambudzwa mune ramangwana. Nepo kubviswa kwekubviswa kwakafanana nehupoteri, zvimwe zvezvinodikanwa zviri kunetsa kuzadzisa uye rubatsiro irwo rwunopa rwakaganhurirwa. Sezvineiwo, uye kusiyana nehupoteri, haipe nzira yekugara zvachose zviri pamutemo.
Kana mupoteri akaona kuti munhu Aihwa kuva nekutya zvine musoro kwekutambudzwa kana kushungurudzwa mune ramangwana, munhu wacho anogona kukwidza sarudzo yakaipa kumutongi wevanoona nezvekupinda kwevanhu munyika. Kana mutongi akasimbisa kusarongeka kwemukuru wekupotera, munhu wacho anozopihwa kune vanoona nezvekupinda nekubuda munyika kuti vabviswe. Nekudaro, kana mutongi wekupinda munyika akapidigura kuwanikwa kwakaipa kwemupurisa wekupotera, munhu iyeye anoiswa mukutongwa kwekudzoserwa uko munhu kwaanogona kutsvaga kudzivirirwa kubva mukudzingwa.
- Mugore remari 2017, USCIS yakawana kuti vanhu 3,018 vaitya zvine musoro.
Maitiro ekupotera anotora nguva yakareba sei?
Kazhinji, maitiro ekupotera anogona kutora makore kuti apedziswe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, munhu anogona kunyorera uye kugamuchira kunzwikwa kana kubvunzurudzwa zuva mumakore mashoma anotevera.
- Kubva munaKurume 2018, paive nevanopfuura 318,000 kunyorera kubvuma yakamirira neUSCIS . Hurumende haifungidzi nguva ichatora kuronga kubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga kune ava vanotsvaga hupoteri, kunyangwe munhoroondo kunonoka kwacho kungave kwakareba semakore mana kune avo vanotsvaga hupoteri.
- Iyo kusarira kumashure muUnited States matare ekupinda yakaverengerwa munaKurume 2018 neanopfuura mazana matanhatu mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe emakesi akavhurika ekuburitswa munyika. Paavhareji, izvi mhosva dzaive dzakamirira kwemazuva 718 uye yakaramba isina kugadziriswa.
- Vanhu vane kesi yekuenda kune dzimwe nyika avo vakapedzisira vapihwa zororo, senge hupoteri, munaKurume 2018 vakamirira anopfuura mazuva chiuru paavhareji mhedzisiro iyoyo. New Jersey neCalifornia vaive nenguva dzakareba kwazvo dzekumirira, vachivhaira 1,300 mazuva kusvikira rubatsiro rwapihwa kana kuri kutama.
Vanotsvaga hupoteri, uye nhengo dzemhuri vanotarisira kujoina navo, vanosara vari muimbo apo nyaya yavo ichakamirira. Kunonoka uye kunonoka kunogona kukonzera kupatsanurwa kwenguva refu kwemhuri dzevapoteri, kusiya nhengo dzemhuri kunze kwenyika mumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi, uye kuita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kuhaya pro bono gweta panguva yemhosva yekutsvaga hupoteri.
Kunyangwe vanotsvaga hupoteri vanogona kunyorera kupihwa mvumo yebasa mushure mekunge nyaya yavo yanga yakamirira kwemazuva zana nemakumi mashanu, kusava nechokwadi kweramangwana ravo kunotadzisa basa, dzidzo, nemikana yekunaya kubva mukukuvara.