Wemazino mubatsiri achitora x mwaranzi achiri nepamuviri? .
Iyi ndeimwe yeiyo kusava nechokwadi kukuru of vakadzi nyanzvi mu Radiology : Ndeapi njodzi yemucheche panguva yangu ye kubata ?
Zvinoenderana ne U.S. Nyukireya Regulatory Commission , vashandi vane pamuviri haifanire kufumurwa kusvika kudarika - 500 mrem - panguva yake nhumbu yese . Wako mwana akachengeteka kana ukashandisa midziyo yekudzivirira mugare 6 'kure . Iwe unofanirwa kuve ne fetal yekutarisa bheji , zvakare.
Mubatsiri wemazino kuratidzwa kwakaderera kudaro, mwana wako anonyatso kuve akanaka kana iwe uri kungwarira.
Kune iyi ongororo, isu ticha tarisa pamatanho maviri: Ionizing Mwaranzi uye Kuita mabasa nemitoro kana kurema kufamba. Asi kutanga ngatiise iyo nyanzvi munzvimbo yake yebasa:
Nzvimbo muRadiodiagnostic Service kana Nyukireya Mishonga
Nyanzvi inogona kuve nenzvimbo dzinoverengeka muSevhisi: Mune Yakajairwa Radiology (ese muChipatara Kuchengetwa uye Kuchengetwa Kwekutanga kana Hutano Nzvimbo), Mammography, CT kamuri, MRI, Ultrasound, Inotakurika X-ray, Inopindirana Radiology, Inoshanda Kamuri, Densitometry, kana PET uye Spetc.
Izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti, pamberi pe Inotarisirwa Kutaurirana yenyika Kubata , iyo Nyanzvi inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo yekuchengetwa kwechipatara nemidziyo inotakurika, kana muChipatara Chekuvhiya chinoshanda neAvhiya Arcs kana Angiographs.
Izvi zvakakosha: Nzvimbo Yebasa. Kana iwe uchishanda muZone A (Kupindira), uko iko dziviriro kuri kushanda uye padyo nemidziyo, saka zvinokurudzirwa kushandura nzvimbo dzekushandira. Zvakafanana neNuclear Medicine muRadioisotope Kubata Kamuri.
Kana munzvimbo B (dzimwe nzvimbo), hapana humbowo hwengozi kune 'embryo' (kubva pavhiki yechisere zvichienda mberi, 'embryo' inonzi zita 'fetus'
Mabasa epamba
Munzvimbo yega yega yenzvimbo dzataurwa, isu tine matambudziko maviri akakosha padanho reOpupational Health ayo anogona kukanganisa ane Nhumbu Professional.
- Mitoro kana Kuedza Kwemuviri
- Migumisiro yeIonizing Radiations
Mitoro yepanyama kana kuedza
Munzvimbo yekurapa pane zvinowanzo fanika zvekusimudza varwere uye nekumira kana kukotama pazasi pemabvi.
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga yezvivakwa zvekudzivirira mune chero nhumbu: kuyedza kwemuviri. Uye zvakadaro ndakasangana nevamwe vane nhumbu vandinoshanda navo, uye nevamwe vakairaira, kupfeka epuroni inotungamira… Uku kukanganisa: Apron inotungamira yakanyanya kufuta.
Radiation Migumisiro Ionizing
radiation inogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inotsanangurwa seyakagadziriswa uye stochastic. Pane mhedzisiro inoda mukana wemuvhi pakuonekwa kwayo; ndiko kuti, zvinongoitika chete kana iyo radiation mwero inodarika imwe kukosha uye, kubva pane iyi kukosha, kuomarara kwemhedzisiro kuchawedzera nedosi rakagamuchirwa.
Mhedzisiro iyi inonzi deterministic . Mienzaniso yezvemhedzisiro mhedzisiro inogona kuoneka mu 'embryo-fetus' ndeiyi: kubvisa nhumbu, kuberekwa kwakakanganisika uye kudzikira kwepfungwa.
Kune rimwe divi, kune mhedzisiro isingade muyero wechikumbaridzo pakuonekwa kwavo, uye nekuwedzera, mukana wechitarisiko chavo uchawedzera nedosi. Inofungidzirwa kuti kana muyero we radiation ukapetwa kaviri, mukana wemhedzisiro inoonekwa unowedzerwa.
Izvi zvinodaidzwa kunzi stochastics, uye kana zvoonekwa, hazvisi zvakasiyana nezvakakonzerwa nezvakakonzerwa nezvisikwa kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kenza muenzaniso we stochastic athari.
Nekuda kweiyo chikumbaridzo chemazamu, kudzivirira kwemhedzisiro mhedzisiro kunovimbiswa nekumisikidza madosi ematanho pazasi akataurwa echikumbaridzo dose. Muchiitiko che stochastic mhedzisiro - mukushayikwa kwechizivikanwe dosi rekudzora mukana weiyo induction - isu tinosungirwa kuchengetedza iwo mazinga eanogashirwa madosi akaderera sezvinobvira.
Dosi
Munyika dzeEuropean Union, zvinogamuchirwa kuti iyo dosi iyo fetus inogona kugamuchira semhedzisiro yebasa raamai basa kubva panguva iyo nhumbu inoonekwa kusvika kumagumo ekubata iri 1mSv. Uyu ndiwo muganho wedosi uyo veruzhinji vanogona kugamuchira uye nekudaro hwakagadzwa nekuda kwemucheche zvichibva pamafungiro ehunhu sezvo fetus isingatore danho uye isingagone kubatsirwa nazvo.
Iko kuiswa kweichi muganho mukudzidzira kwaizoenderana nedosi ye2mSv inogamuchirwa pamusoro pechizvaro chedumbu (repasi trunk) remukadzi kusvika kumagumo ekubata.
Asi, chenjera: heino kiyi: 'Radiophobia'. Nekuti uyu muganho wedosi wakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura madosi anodiwa pakuonekwa kwemhedzisiro yemucheche, sezvo kubvisa nhumbu, kuberekwa kwakakanganisika, kuderera kweIQ kana kudzikisira kwakakomba kwepfungwa kunoda madosi ari pakati pe100 ne200 mSv: 50 kana zana nguva inoperera.
Matanho mushure mekuzivisa nhumbu
Kuitira kuchengetedza zvakakwana 'fetus', zvakakosha kuti mushandi wepamuviri akafumurwa, paanongoziva nezve nhumbu yake, anozvitaura kumunhu anotarisira kuchengetedzwa kweradiyoji yenzvimbo yaanoshandira uye kumunhu ari kubhadharisa iyo radioactive kuisirwa, ndiani anozoisa matanho akakodzera ekudzivirira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuteerera nemitemo yazvino uye nekuona mashandiro ebasa ravo kuti rirege kuisa njodzi kumwana.
Kuti ugone kuita zvese izvi zviyero, zvakafanira kugovera yakakosha dosimeter yekuona madosi mudumbu uye kunyatsoongorora kwenzvimbo yako yebasa, kuitira kuti mukana wezviitiko zvine yakakwira madhizaini kana kuiswa kwakasarudzika.
Chero mukadzi ane nhumbu anoshanda munzvimbo ine madosi nekuda kweionizing radiation anovimbisa kuti iyo dosi inogona kuchengetwa pazasi pe1mSv, anogona kunzwa akachengeteka kwazvo munzvimbo yake yebasa panguva yese yepamuviri. Mushandi ane nhumbu anogona kuramba achishanda mubazi reX-ray, chero bedzi paine kuvimbiswa kune musoro kuti iyo fetus dose inogona kuchengetwa pazasi pe1 mGy (1 msv) panguva yepamuviri.
Mukududzira kurudziro iyi, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vakadzi vakazvitakura havatariswe rusarura. Kune mabasa kune vese mushandi nemushandirwi. Chekutanga basa rekudzivirira iro 'embryo' rinoenderana nemukadzi iye amene, uyo anofanirwa kuzivisa nhumbu yake kuhutungamiriri nekukurumidza mamiriro paachange asimbiswa.
Aya mazano anotevera anotorwa kubva kuI ICRP 84:
- Kurambidzwa kwedosi hazvireve kuti zvakafanira kuti vakadzi vane nhumbu vadzivise kushanda nemwaranzi kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvachose, kana kuti ivo vanofanirwa kutadziswa kupinda kana kushanda munzvimbo dzakatarwa nemwaranzi. Zvinoreva kuti mushandirwi anofanira kunyatsoongorora mamiriro ekuonekwa evakadzi vane nhumbu. Kunyanya, mamiriro avo ekushanda anofanirwa kuve akadai zvekuti mukana weakakwirisa madosi uye radionuclide kutora haina basa.
- Kana mushandi wezvekurapa achiziva kuti ane nhumbu, pane nzira nhatu dzinowanzotariswa munzvimbo dzekurapwa nemwaranzi: 1) hapana shanduko mumabasa ekupihwa basa, 2) chinja kune imwe nzvimbo uko kusangana nemwaranzi kungave kushoma, kana 3) chinja kune basa risinganyatsooneswa nemwaranzi. Iko hakuna kana imwechete mhinduro chaiyo kune ese mamiriro, uye mune dzimwe nyika panogona kutove nemitemo chaiyo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita nhaurirano nemushandi. Mushandi anofanira kuziviswa nezvengozi dzingangovapo, pamwe nemiyero yedosi inokurudzirwa.
- Kuchinjira kubasa uko kusina radiation pamhepo dzimwe nguva kunobvunzwa kuvashandi vane nhumbu vanoziva kuti njodzi dzinogona kuve diki, asi havadi kubvuma chero njodzi yakawedzera. Iye mushandirwi anogona zvakare kunzvenga matambudziko mune ramangwana mune chiitiko chekuti mushandi kumwana ane zvakasununguka kuberekwa kusanzwisisika (kunoitika pamwero weinenge matatu kubva pakuberekwa zana). Maitiro aya haana basa musarudzo yekudzivirira mwaranzi, uye zviri pachena kuti zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yacho kuva yakakura zvakakwana uye kushanduka kuzadza zviri nyore nzvimbo isina munhu.
- Kuchinjira kuPosition ine kushomeka kwekushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza zvakare mukana. Mune radiodiagnosis, izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuendesa nyanzvi ye fluoroscopy kuC CT Kamuri kana imwe nzvimbo kune mashoma mwaranzi kune vashandi. Mumadhipatimendi emishonga yenyukireya, nyanzvi yekuzvitakura inogona kubvumidzwa kushandisa nguva yakawanda mu radiopharmacy kana kushanda ne radioactive iodine mhinduro. Mukurapa kwemwaranzi neyakavharwa masosi, vanamukoti vane nhumbu kana mahunyanzvi havagone kutora chikamu mubrachytherapy bhuku.
- Kufungisisa nezvehunhu kunosanganisira dzimwe nzira idzo mumwe mushandi achazowedzerwa mukana wekuratidzwa nemwaranzi kana waanoshanda naye ave nepamuviri uye pasina imwe sarudzo.
- Kune akawanda mamiriro ezvinhu umo mushandi anoda kuenderera mberi achiita basa rimwe chete, kana mushandirwi anogona kuvimba nazvo kuti arambe achiita basa rimwe chete kuitira kuchengetedza mwero wekuchengetwa kwevarwere uyo unowanzo kwanisa kupa munzvimbo yebasa. chikwata chebasa Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedzwa kwemwaranzi, izvi zvinogamuchirwa zvakakwana sekureba sekuti fetus dose inogona kufungidzirwa neyakajeka uye iri mukati memuganhu wakakurudzirwa we mGy fetal dose mushure mekubata. Zvingave zvine musoro kuyedza nzvimbo yekushanda kuti upe vimbiso yekuti netsaona yakakwira mibairo haigone.
- Iyo inokurudzirwa muganho wedosi inoshanda kune iyo fetus dose uye haina kuenzaniswa zvakananga nedosi yakayerwa pane wega dosimeter. Iyo yega dosimeter inoshandiswa nevanoongorora radiology vashandi vanogona kufungidzira iyo fetal dose nechinhu chegumi kana kupfuura. Kana iyo dosimeter yakashandiswa kunze kwepironi inotungamira, muyero wakayerwa unogona kunge wakakura zvakapetwa ka100 pane muyero wechibereko. Mishonga yenyukireya uye radiation kurapwa vashandi havawanzo kupfeka lead maepuroni uye vanooneswa kune yakakwira photon simba. Kunyangwe izvi, fetus doses haigone kudarika makumi maviri neshanu muzana ezviyero zvemunhu wedosi.
Zvinyorwa:
- Vashandi veMayo Clinic. (2018). Kuongorora mazino.
mayoclinic.com/health/dental-exam/MY01097 - Mhando dzemazino x-rays. (2015).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic_Dental_Check-up/hic_Types_of_Dental_X-rays - Kubata uye kuberekwa: Epidurals uye marwadzo ekurwadziwa pabasa. (2018).
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279567/ - Vafambi vane pamuviri. (2017).
wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/pregnant-travelers
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- Mabasa epamba
- Mitoro yepanyama kana kuedza
- Radiation Migumisiro Ionizing
- Dosi
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